What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by a decrease in the density of bone, decreasing its strength and
resulting in fragile bones. Osteoporosis literally leads to abnormally porous bone that is compressible, like a sponge. This disorder of the skeleton weakens the bone
and results in frequent fractures (breaks) in the bones. Osteopenia is a condition of bone that is slightly less dense than normal bone but not to the degree of bone in osteoporosis. Normal bone is composed of protein, collagen, and calcium, all of which give bone its strength.

Bones that are affected by osteoporosis can break (fracture ) with relatively minor injury that normally would not cause a bone to fracture. The fracture can be either in the form of cracking (as in a hip fracture  ) or collapsing (as in a compression fracture of the vertebrae of the spine). The spine, hips, ribs, and wrists are common areas of bone fractures from osteoporosis although osteoporosis-
related fractures can occur in almost any skeletal
bone.

Osteoporosis facts
Osteoporosis  is a condition of fragile bone with an increased susceptibility to fracture.
Osteoporosis  weakens bone and increases risk of bones breaking. Bone mass (bone density  ) decreases after 35 years of age, and bone loss occurs more rapidly in
women after menopause .

Key risk factors for osteoporosis include genetics, lack of exercise , lack of calcium and vitamin D , personal history of fracture as an adult, cigarette  smoking ,excessive alcohol consumption, history of rheumatoid
arthritis , low body weight, and family                         

History of osteoporosis.
Patients with osteoporosis have no symptoms until bone fractures occur.
The diagnosis of osteoporosis can be suggested by X- rays and confirmed by tests to measure bone density.

Treatments for osteoporosis
In addition to prescription osteoporosis medications, include stopping use of alcohol and cigarettes, and assuring adequate exercise  , calcium, and vitamin D  .